![]() Why wouldn’t heat flow from the cold to the hot metal, further raising its temperature? Afterall, this move would still comply with the First Law, since no energy becomes created or destroyed. ![]() Heat will then flow between the hot metal to the cold spontaneously, or without external intervention. Now, let’s place a conductive metal bridge, allowing heat to flow between the two. With this in mind, let’s say we have two pieces of metal, one hot and one cold. No process is possible that has the overall effect of ordering and directing the mass and energy of the universe. Any physical change must either increase or not change the universe’s overall disorder. The Second Law states that the entropy of the universe always increases. To better understand what this means, we need to look at the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Right: Entropy change if temperature changes.) Universal EntropyĮntropy matters to chemists and physicists because it determines the spontaneity of processes. (Left: Entropy change if temperature remains constant. We can further simplify the above equation depending on whether temperature changes between the two states: Importantly, we still use the reversible heat even when calculating change of an irreversible change between two states. While heat is usually a path function, only one reversible path exists between two states, making it a quasi-state function, like entropy. Importantly, the heat used to calculate entropy is that given off or absorbed if the given change was done reversibly. This formula for entropy tends to have the most use when measuring the change between two states: ![]() Thus, chemists can define entropy thermodynamically, using the flow of heat and the temperature of the system: ![]() Rather than deal with microstates, most chemists measure entropic values using calorimetry instead. In these instances, chemists often instead calculate entropy using the thermodynamic definition. Thus, this definition has the most use for calculating a system’s microstates from known entropic values. However, counting individual microstates remains impossible in most systems. Notice that entropy comes in units of Joules per Kelvin. This statistical approach involves the following natural log formula relating entropy to microstates: Naturally, ordered, entropically lower systems have fewer possible microstates than disordered, entropically higher systems. Chemists define a microstate as a specific arrangement of matter and energy. The main way to quantify the orderliness of matter and energy involves summing the microstates a given system can have. Mathematical Representations of Entropy Statistical Definition The relatively low attraction between gas particles allows each molecule to move freely, resulting in a random dispersion. In chemistry, a gas provides another good example of an entropically-high system. Any motion and heat, similarly, are dispersed, resulting in a relatively consistent temperature and unpredictable movements of trees and animals. ![]() The mass of the trees, plants, rocks, and animals remains random and widely dispersed. The lattice energy of the crystal limits the motion of its particles, resulting in a perfectly geometric shape.Ī system high in entropy, by contrast, involves widely dispersed mass and energy. In chemistry, a solid mass of crystal provides another good example of a entropically-low system. Any heat energy remains controlled as well, with certain cold pockets, like the refrigerator, and hot pockets, like the oven, with different temperatures that don’t spread to the rest of the house. Any mechanical energy of motion, such as water and gas moving through pipes, remains tightly controlled and directed. The mass that makes up the house is ordered and exact to form the walls and furniture. Low EntropyĪ system low in entropy involves ordered particles and directed motion. The letter “ ” serves as the symbol for entropy.Īs we’ll find out in a later section, entropy has a lot of use for chemists and physicists in determining the spontaneity of a process. This means that as a system changes in entropy, the change only depends on the entropies of the initial and final states, rather than the sequence (“path”) taken between the states. Importantly, entropy is a state function, like temperature or pressure, as opposed to a path function, like heat or work. Topics Covered in Other ArticlesĮntropy is a measure of how dispersed and random the energy and mass of a system are distributed. In this article, we discover the meaning of entropy and its importance in thermodynamics, in both the universe and within a system. ![]()
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![]() But if the change is significant, you want to signify that in a visually powerful way. If the mission of the company isn’t drastically changing you don’t want to drastically change your logo either. Often companies will refresh their logo just to keep up with the times, a sometimes minor, subtle change. It was time,the previous logo had been around for 18 years, and if there ever was a time to change it, now, when the company is undergoing massive change, the right logo would be a powerful signifier of change and renewal. Among her initiatives were redesigning the home page, an overhaul Flikr, the acquisition of Tumblr for $1.1 billion, another acquisition of Summly for $30 million and 20 other recent acquisitions. In July 2012, Marissa Meyer was brought in as President and CEO to turn the company around. There’s no question Yahoo had lost relevance in recent years. I gave up after 3 days, recognizing early there wasn’t going to be anything interesting here. People who don’t care about logos were looking and commenting, at least for the first few days. And it did create significant media buzz people I know who don’t usually pay any attention to design or corporate identity knew about it and were sending around the appropriate links. It was an unusual and unique strategy for announcing a new identity, audacious even. To build up anticipation for this huge event, Yahoo showed a new logo each day. Thirty days ago they announced today would be the date of the big reveal. (Editing by Stephen R.It has been a long month leading up to September 5 when Yahoo launched its new logo. The new Mail also connects to Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook to add photos and create "contact cards" with email, telephone and social media information for contacts. In addition to Account Key verification, Yahoo executives announced a revamped version of Yahoo Mail that allows users to connect with, manage and search Outlook, Hotmail and AOL email accounts while signed in to their Yahoo account. They're so ingrained in everything we do from banking to email to shopping, you name it," Narang said. "I think passwords are going to be around for a little while, I don't think they're going away as soon as we'd like them to. He also expressed doubts that most users will let passwords die easily and encouraged widespread adoption of password management tools until a new verification method replaces them for good. Satnam Narang, a security manager with Symantec, called the approach "a step above a password" but said it still falls short of the golden standard of what's known as two-factor authentication, which requires users to confirm their identify with two different pieces of information. In a blog post on Yahoo's Tumblr page, Dylan Casey, vice president of product management, said Account Key is more secure than traditional passwords because it prohibits anyone from signing in to access an account without the verification that Account Key provides. If their smartphone is lost or stolen, users can verify identities through an email or a text message sent to alternative accounts and numbers. With a tap on yes or no, users can indicate it is a legitimate attempt to get into the account or deny unauthorized access. Instead, the Account Key service will send a message to the smartphone connected to the account. When users who sign up for Account Key try to access Yahoo Mail, they will no longer need to enter their password. ![]() ![]() ![]() If you make a mistake you can click the undo button under the HTML Editor to undo your changes - this is useful to test which combination of settings works best. Then you can copy the converted HTML to the clipboard or save it and download it as HTML. Once all cleanup options are selected click the green Clean Up My HTML button. You can also add, find and replace commands to change your code or find and delete commands to delete code you do not need. To clean up your HTML you can use the HTML Cleanup options. You can then directly edit your HTML in the HTML Editor on the right or use the Visual Editor on the left to make your changes. With its PDF creator, you can also save Word or other document back to well-formatted PDF. When you paste in the code you will get a preview of how it looks in the Visual Editor on the left. Cisdem PDF Converter OCR is a powerful PDF converter, which allows you to convert both native and scanned PDF to Word, Excel, PowerPoint, ePub and others in original formatting. To clean up your HTML all you need to do is paste it into the HTML editor box on the right side. For example, say you are editing a page in WordPress or another content management system, it can be useful to be able to remove the formatting you don’t need. It disables the embed images option if it is enabled.Ī great time-saving feature is the ability to clean up existing HTML. This option enables the Full page mode option which is required to correctly display fixed HTML pages. It's useful when used as a standalone HTML page or when shown in an. But please be aware that a fixed layout may not look great on mobile devices. you will not need this option.įixed HTML: If you need your HTML to look exactly like your input document, then tick this fixed HTML option. If you are pasting into a web-based system like WordPress, Amazon, eBay, etc. You need this so the page displays correctly. The size and complexity of your HTML files will also increase.įull page mode: Creating standalone HTML files? No problem, this option adds the and to HTML. We recommend you experiment with this option as it can work well for small images but you might have issues with a lot of large images. You do not need to have separate image files. When uploading a document you have three additional options:Įmbed images: This is a cool feature where the images are embedded directly into your HTML code. If your document contains images, tables, or other rich content this will also be converted to HTML for you. ![]() DOC), PDF files, RTF (rich text format), Open Doc files (from Libre or Open Office) and. Word to HTML supports Word files (.DOCX and. Your converted HTML will appear in the HTML Editor.The text from your file will be shown in the Visual Editor.Your file will be instantly converted to clean HTML.Click the blue Upload file button and select your document.We’re here to help you find the best, most productive approach to your file management. The most important lesson to take away is that you no longer have to worry about tedious, everyday tasks relating to digital documents. Insert PDF to Word - place content into Word instead of using drag and drop.Convert scanned PDF - edit content by converting scans to editable Word format.Translate PDF - make use of our favorite search engine for translation work.Reduce file size below 100 KB - reduce PDF size for sharing and storing.During this period, you can use any of the online tools we have to modify the converted PDF file.īelow are a few of our helpful guides relating to PDF processing: Any document, text or PDF, is removed one hour after its upload time. Smallpdf is a GDPR and ISO/IEC 27001-certified company, and we take data processing very seriously for our millions of monthly users. If you’re sharing a file, whether for a job application, a work request, or casual use, it’s always a good idea to send digital documents in PDF and not as a text file so it can’t be changed or modified. Plus, you don’t need to worry about styles or formats as your file will look the same wherever and however it is opened. Converting text to PDF gives it more versatility as the final output document can be viewed on almost any system, regardless of whether the Microsoft Office suite is installed or not. Text-based files like Word documents are great for editing text and putting documents together. You can also convert image file formats, such as JPG, BMP, and PNG. ![]() Our online PDF converter currently accepts Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel files. Instead of dragging the file into the tool, you can click “Choose File” to upload your document. To ensure a fluid file transfer, we’ve cut out all unnecessary steps. As a cloud platform, you can go to Smallpdf on any web browser on any operating system. There aren’t that many requirements for our site. Requirements To Use the Text to PDF Converter ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It’s filled with engaging video clips originally made for native speakers and downloadable audio clips, covering everything from commercials and news reports to movie trailers and inspiring talks. FluentUįluentU is an immersive language learning website and app-available on iOS and Android-with both audio and video courses. (This is a perfect starter for those who have set their sights on Spanish fluency.)Īlso, anyone who travels and needs to get into Spanish fast will benefit from its sing-songy teaching style. You can familiarize yourself with the Spanish accent as well, so you can begin to sound like a true native speaker. The tunes are so catchy that, soon enough, you’ll find yourself singing your way to all the basics of the language. The CD is pumped with lessons that use musical rhythms to plant some 200 Spanish verbs and nouns in your long-term memory. The philosophy behind this course is simple: music can facilitate language acquisition. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that youĬlick here to get a copy. Spanish for Dummies (by Jessica Langemeier) Spanish Survival Phrases (from Innovative Language – Spanishpod101) Spanish Word Booster: 500+ Most Needed Words & Phrases Well, you’re in the perfect place! I’ve scoured the digital shelves, waded through the muck and found 11 Spanish audiobooks that are guaranteed to satisfy your yearning for language education. Man, there’s a lot of audiobooks and courses out there in the Google-verse.Īre you overwhelmed by the course summaries that promise everything and anything, from miraculous, overnight fluency to getting a Spanish girlfriend? J11 Best Spanish Audiobooks and Courses to Hit the Digital Shelves ![]() ![]() ![]() Please read more about our investments in sustainability and our ESG standards here. We calculate the number of trees saved for homes using our roof and floor trusses using a 25% savings on total board footage production. Elite Forklift Rental Managing Director, Jéan du Preez, has a wealth of knowledge having successfully run South Africas largest single forklift operation (Gauteng based) for a number of years. We calculate the number of homes supplied with READY-FRAME® using our average board footage processed per house, which is based on our 2019 READY-FRAME® saw production data and our 2019 data of actual homes produced with READY-FRAME®.The structural building components association (SBCA) study "Framing the American Dream" ( /fad) found that stick-framed structures use 25% more lumber than manufactured components. 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Configure a high-quality electric reach lift forklift cab to reduce the risk of electric forklift operators driving electric elite forklift under harsh conditions. ![]() ![]() ![]() The player must rely on this ability to navigate various platformer-style jumping puzzles in Xen toward the end of the game. Late in the game, the player receives a "long jump module" for the HEV suit, which allows the player to increase the horizontal distance and speed of jumps by crouching before jumping. Instead, such organisms occasionally define chapters, and the player is generally expected to use the terrain, rather than firepower, to kill the boss. There are few bosses in the conventional sense, where the player defeats a superior opponent by direct confrontation. Some puzzles involve using the environment to kill an enemy, like turning a valve to spray hot steam at their enemies. The game regularly integrates puzzles, such as navigating a maze of conveyor belts or using nearby boxes to build a small staircase to the next area the player must travel to. ![]() Progress through the world is continuous, (except for short loading pauses) with each map of the game connecting directly to the next, with the exception of levels involving teleportation. Half-Life has no levels it instead divides the game into chapters, whose titles briefly appear on screen as the player progresses through the game. In line with this, the player rarely loses the ability to control the player character, Gordon Freeman, who never speaks and is never actually seen in the game the player sees "through his eyes" for the entire length of the game. Compared to most first-person shooters of the time, which relied on cut-scene intermissions to detail their plotlines, Half-Life 's story is told mostly using scripted sequences (bar one short cutscene), keeping the player in control of the first-person viewpoint. Unlike most of its peers at the time, Half-Life uses scripted sequences, such as a Vortigaunt ramming down a door, to advance major plot points. Half-Life is a first-person shooter (FPS) that requires the player to perform combat tasks and puzzle solving to advance through the game. Gameplay An in-game screenshot of the player battling enemy marines, an attack helicopter, and a gun turret in the chapter "Surface Tension" It was followed by Half-Life 2 (2004), Half-Life 2: Episode One (2006), Half-Life 2: Episode Two (2007), and Half-Life: Alyx (2020). Half-Life inspired numerous fan-made mods, some of which became standalone games, such as Counter-Strike, Day of Defeat, and Sven Co-op. In 2020, Crowbar Collective released an unofficial remake, Black Mesa. Valve ported Half-Life to its Source engine as Half-Life: Source in 2004. It was ported to the PlayStation 2 in 2001, along with the multiplayer expansion Decay, and to OS X and Linux in 2013. It was followed by the expansion packs Opposing Force (1999) and Blue Shift (2001), developed by Gearbox Software. By 2008, it had sold more than nine million copies. It was one of the first mainstream games to adopt the WASD keys as the default control scheme. It is considered one of the most influential FPS games and one of the greatest video games ever made. Half-Life received acclaim for its graphics, gameplay and narrative, and won more than 50 PC " Game of the Year" awards. The science fiction novelist Marc Laidlaw was hired to shape the story and assist with design. Valve developed it using GoldSrc, a heavily modified version of the Quake engine, licensed from id Software. ![]() Valve was disappointed with the lack of innovation in the FPS genre, and aimed to create an immersive world rather than a "shooting gallery." Unlike other games of the time, the player has almost uninterrupted control of the player character, and the story is told mostly in scripted sequences rather than cutscenes. The gameplay consists of combat, exploration, and puzzle-solving. ![]() Players assume the role of Gordon Freeman, a scientist who must escape the Black Mesa Research Facility after it is invaded by aliens during an experiment gone wrong. It was Valve's debut product and the first game in the Half-Life series. Half-Life is a 1998 first-person shooter (FPS) game developed by Valve and published by Sierra Studios for Windows. ![]() ![]() ![]() Outside of her rap, few literary works spoke to his experience of urban life growing up as a black child and then teenager in the 1980s and 1990s, and he didn't start reading books until he was 17. Third album, Black Reign, to start writing poetry. Īt nine years old, Reynolds was inspired by Queen Latifah's Reynolds was born on December 6, 1983, in Washington, DC, and grew up just across Maryland border in Oxon Hill, a neighborhood where his mother, a specialĮducation teacher in a Maryland public school, could afford a house with a yard and enough space for Reynolds, his three siblings, and sometimes other extended family. Reynolds was named as the Library of Congress' national ambassador for young people's literature in January 2020. ![]() In 2019, he wrote Look Both Ways, for which he won a Carnegie Medal. In 2017, Reynolds returned to poetry with Long Way Down, a novel in verse that was named a Newbery Honor book, a Printz Honor Book, and best young adult work by the Mystery Writers of America's Edgar Awards. Reynolds also wrote a Marvel Comics novel called Miles Morales: Spider-Man (2017). Ghost was a National Book Award Finalist for Young People's Literature and As Brave As You won the Kirkus Prize, the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work for Youth/Teen, and the Schneider Family Book Award. In the next four years, Reynolds wrote eight more novels, most notably the New York Times best-selling Track series- Ghost (2016), Patina (2017), Sunny (2018), Lu (2018)-and As Brave As You (2016). Born in Washington, D.C., and raised in neighboring Oxon Hill, Maryland, Reynolds found inspiration in rap and had an early focus on poetry, publishing several poetry collections before his first novel in 2014, When I Was The Greatest, which won the John Steptoe Award for New Talent. Students will use critical thinking, reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills while enjoying the rigor and creativity of this lesson built on best teaching practices.Jason Reynolds (born December 6, 1983) is an American author of novels and poetry for young adult and middle-grade audience. March on Washington Questions and Virtual Field Trip Keys March on Washington Virtual Field Trip Questions March on Washington Times Virtual Field Trip Link March on Washington Multiple Choice Questions March on Washington virtual field trip questions and guide are a great companion to any book related to the civil rights movement.
![]() ![]() It's like lonely children wandering over buildings // Money that makes sense, current events I'm building // Currency to the billions, money became policy // Fueling a man's greed, the heart of all atrocities // Power easy to please with bitches all on they knees // Praying to golden calves and causing mental disease // Evils, they came inside me, mind became a vulture // Searching for the death in life and calling it pop culture When I was young at this, I used to do my thing hard // Robbing foreigners, take they wallets, they jewels and rip they green cards // Dipped to the projects, flashing my quick cash // And got my first piece of ass, smoking blunts with hash // Now it's all about cash in abundance // Niggas I used to run with is rich or doing years in the hundreds // I switched my motto instead of saying, "Fuck tomorrow" // That buck that bought a bottle could've struck the lotto // Once I stood on the block, loose cracks produce stacks // I cooked up and cut small pieces to get my loot back // Time is Illmatic, keep static like wool fabric // Pack a 4-matic to crack your whole cabbageīlunts, thugs and alcohol what a mixture // Just picture your life as a whole judged in court, they convict ya // They telling you your state of mind like you worthless // So he curses, his mom's saying Bible verses // That's all she works with, but miracles never leave the churches // Instead, it hits the pockets of the preacher just to purchase // A house with a swimming pool, labels me a sinning fool // I'm just a nigga who inherited a winning jewelĬise Star's opening verse on Nothing's Sacred: The Wiki: Guide to Artists, Lyrics, Albums, Resources, & Cities.This is a place to ask questions/recommendations without worrying about any kind of backlash, so if you know something someone does not, politely educate them rather than berate them.Ignoring these rules may lead to a permanent ban. It helps alert the mods to negativity that may be ruining the experience for everyone here. Excluding other hip hop fans and discouraging their taste in hip hop is not allowed. Gatekeeping is someone deciding who does and does not belong here. Continuing this behavior after a temp ban may result in a permanent ban, depending on post history. Calling people names or starting inflammatory arguments to rile people up may result in a temporary ban. But, it is against the rules to personally attack people. It is completely okay to talk about somebody else's opinion and offer your take on it. No personally attacking people for their opinions or gatekeeping. Not following this rule is most likely to result in a permanent ban, even more likely if there is a history of spamming multiple subreddits. This also includes asking to collaborate (networking). This includes either your own or your friend's music, music video, youtube channel, podcast, website, and anything along those lines decided by r/hiphop101's moderation team. If you want music feedback, try r/makinghiphop, but make sure to follow their rules. ![]() What Shouldn't I Post? Do not post your own music here. Guides on hip hop related topics are heavily encouraged and you may be awarded with a "Quality Post" flair and added to r/hiphop101's Wiki page. You can expand on your question in the body of the post. Learn how to get Reddit comment Karma here.Īny specific questions you have concerning artists, albums, or hip hop music subgenres should be in the title of a post, or as a reply to a post. Sharing music playlists within discussion ![]() Rapping, Spitting, Cyphering, Rhyming, MCingĭiscussing about hip hop music and sharing the classics ![]() Sharing & Learning about the history and culture of the four main pillars of hip hop:.Cause we all got at least one question, and we all got at least one answer too! What Is This Place For? ![]() ![]() ![]() 2ĬIs allow children with deafness to attain speech outcomes on par with their normal‐hearing peers. In addition to including adults and children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) not improved with hearing aids, CI candidacy criteria has also changed considerably and now includes children as young as 12 months old (and younger under certain conditions) and adults with retained low frequency hearing via the hybrid CI which uses a combination of electrical and acoustic stimulation. Today, the goal is to improve quality of life through excellent speech recognition, functional hearing in noise, and the ability to appreciate nuanced sound with precisely coded temporal elements like music. Initially, the goal was perception of sound, then speech recognition, and serviceable hearing. In the intervening six decades, the goals for CI recipients' sound perception have advanced and continue to be refined. The first surgery for implantation of a single channel cochlear implant (CI) occurred in 1961, by House and Doyle, and was followed by the first multichannel CI in 1978. Improvements in our understanding of genetic site of lesions and their effects on CI function should lead to better CI outcomes, not just for individuals with auditory neuropathy, but all individuals with hearing loss.Ĭochlear implantation has revolutionized the care for children and adults with deafness. neuropathy) as this has implications for expected CI outcomes. We propose that description of ANSD patients should be based on the molecular site of lesion typically derived from genetic evaluation (synaptopathy vs. ![]() We put forth a nuanced molecular classification of ANSD that has implications for preoperative counseling for patients with this disorder prior to cochlear implantation. Individuals with lesions that affect the auditory nerve show poor performance with CIs, likely because neural transmission of the electrical signal from the CI is affected. Reviewed data show that individuals with lesions that primarily affect the cochlear sensory system and the synapse, which are bypassed by the CI, have optimal CI outcomes. In this review, we examine the precise mechanisms of genetic lesions causing ANSD and the effect of these lesions on CI outcomes. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by dysfunctional transmission of sound from the cochlea to the brain due to defective synaptic function or neural conduction. There is growing evidence that qualitative as well as quantitative deficits in the auditory nerve may affect cochlear implant (CI) outcomes. Cochlear implantation has become the standard‐of‐care for adults and children with severe to profound hearing loss. ![]() ![]() ![]() Search By Flair Malfunction Fire/Explosion Destructive Test Equipment Failure Engineering Failure Structural Failure Operator Error Natural Disaster Software Failure Demolition Fatalities Visible Fatalities Visible Injuries Meta If your submission does not require one of those tags, you should pick any of the other flairs to describe what type of failure occurred.the Hindenburg Disaster, or a plane crash) If your submission depicts a situation where people were killed, but those people are not directly visible you must apply the "Fatalities" flair to your post (eg. ![]() If your submission depicts people visibly being seriously injured, you must apply the "Visible Injuries" flair to your post and tag it "NSFW".If your submission depicts people dying, you must apply the "Visible Fatalities" flair to your post and tag it "NSFW".Click here for an extended version of these rules if it's your first time submitting.If the only notable thing in your submission is injury/death, it belongs in another subreddit.Avoid posting mundane/every day occurrences like car accidents.Titles must only be informative/descriptive and include a date, do not editorialize.Videos, gifs, articles, or aftermath photos of machinery, structures, or devices that have failed catastrophically during operation, destructive testing, and other disasters.Ĭatastrophic Failure refers to the sudden and complete destruction of an object or structure, from massive bridges and cranes, all the way down to small objects being destructively tested or breaking. ![]() |
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